A birthday cake in a reconstructed medieval town, music, dancing and fun, all with the occasion of the birthday for the Wawel Dragon. The one-of-a-kind festival will take place on Sunday, August 14, in Błonia Park in Krakow. The celebration will start at noon and will last until 18.00.
50 years old sculpture!
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the sculpture of the Wawel Dragon by Bolesław Chromy. The 6-meter-high, fire-breathing dragon – the symbol of Krakow – can be seen every day at the foot of the Wawel Castle, it is one of the city’s greatest tourist attractions.
Did you know that he was supposed to be underwater?
According to the original concept, the dragon was to be partially submerged in the waters of the Vistula. However, it was found that the rubbish carried by the river current would settle on the sculpture. That is why, in 1972, it was placed in a block on the Vistula River, near Wawel Hill, next to the current exit from the Dragon’s Den. In the spring of 1973, a fire-breathing gas installation was installed inside the sculpture (by Feliks Prochownik).
New Expo! “Dragon Garden. Bronisław Chromy at Wawel”
On the occasion of the anniversary, the exhibition “Dragon Garden. Bronisław Chromy at Wawel” was opened in Wawel Castle in spring. Sculptures by the artist from Krakow can be seen at Wawel until the end of September this year.
Birthday Picnic 🙂
The highlight of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Wawel Dragon will be a birthday picnic in the reconstructed early medieval settlement, which will be erected on Sunday in Krakow’s Błonia Park. The settlement will be built by the Team of Wisła Wojów “Krak”, the oldest in Krakow and one of the first groups of early medieval reconstruction in Poland.
“Composed of nearly 20 tents, sewn and erected according to the indications of iconographic sources, the town will be populated by teams of warriors, white-headed, craftsmen and musicians – in period costumes, equipped with weapons, tools, instruments and other attributes based on historical ones. There will also be a place for the prince. Krak – on that day he will accept applications, complaints and grievances from his subjects”– announces the magistrate.
What can you find in this settlement?
In the settlement, you will be able to stop at a blacksmith, potter, jeweller, mint maker, weaver and leatherman, and learn about the workshop and secrets of medieval craftsmen. There will also be an opportunity to try your hand at medieval plebeian games, such as spinning, twisted marches, sack races, Slavic wrestling or shoemaker and dragon games, and to compete for prizes. There will also be a skirmish between the dragon armies in the entertainment area.
There is also music!
There will also be music, the folk band “Daj Ognia” will be playing, and before the evening the final concert will be played on the main stage by Percival – a band that was created with a fascination with the history and culture of ancient Slavs and which successfully introduces the modern audience to the musical traditions of the former Slavic region.
For the competitive souls…
There will also be competitions, dance workshops, theatrical performances “The True Story of the Wawel Dragon”, and a dragon procession will pass through the main square of the settlement. And, as befits a birthday, there will be cake and dragon baked goods.
Timing
The dragon’s birthday will last from 12.00 to 18.00.
Saint Mary’s Basilica (Kosciol Mariacki) has always been a symbol of Krakow. A Symbol containing multiple other Krakow Symbols, like The wooden carved altar by Veit Stoss or the Bugle Call Tower with its Hejnal or The Legend of the 2 Brothers. After Tartar raids in the 13th century left the original church in ruins, St. Mary’s Church was rebuilt in Gothic style on the existing foundations and consecrated in 1320. In the early 15th century the towers took the iconic form they have today when the northern tower was raised to 80m high and made into a watchtower for the city. From that watchtower, the Bugle Call plays every day, every hour, no matter rain or shine!
How can one visit the Bugle Call Tower – Mariacki Church?
The Tower cannot be visited during all the months of the year, so make sure you don’t plan to visit it during wintertime as it is closed then. There is always a chance of frost on the stairs so only the Bugle Call player gets to go on top. But! During the summer months, it is always open for visitors and you can check the schedule below.
From July to October (except religious holidays) Monday — closed from Tuesdays to Saturdays 10.00 a.m.- 6.00 a.m. Sundays – 1.00 p.m. to 6.00 p.m.
January, February, March, November, December — closed
The ticket price, as of July 2021 is 15 Zloty per person or 10 for 7 to 18 years olds.
Things you should know about the tour
Children up to 7 years old are not allowed to go – due to the steep steps (danger ahead!)
There is a limited amount of tickets everyday. You cannot book/buy tickets in adavnce. Just for the same day. Tickets can be bought at the ticket office only (Plac Mariacki 7).
Children between 7 and 18 years old get a discount.
People with walking dissabilities cannot get to the top as there is no elevator or method to pull up any wheelchairs 🙁 sorry for that 🙁
In case of bad weather the tour (just like the Eiffel Tower, in Paris) gets closed down.
The Tower entrance is located on the side of Mariacki Church, from Florianska Street.
A group of no more than 10 people can enter every 30 minutes.
Did you know?
That the Bugle Call (Hejnal) players are actually firemen? They stay there (up in the tower) on shifts that are 12 hours long! They need to “get to work” by climbing the 271 steps, every day, and they play the Hejnal every hour, for their 12-hour shift. Before the stairs were built, there was no way to get on top except with the help of a very tall ladder (wooden). Thank God they don’t use that anymore!
Yours always truly,
The Twisted Red LadyBug that loves views from the top (of the world)
To be fair to my dear readers, I was not born in Poland. Nor raised. This country happened upon me! I did not know much about Poland before my first visit here, about 11 years ago. All I knew was that it was a post-communist country (like my homeland: Romania), that the capital was in Warsaw, that Helena Rubinstein lived here and made amazing cosmetics, that the Schindler’s List was filmed here and that Auschwitz was just a stone throw away from Krakow. You could say… quite limited knowledge!
I moved here 10 years ago, during summertime, and I never regret that step since. Of course, as we live we learn and we absorb information from around us, so I thought I might share with you 10 Interesting Facts about Poland – my adoptive Homeland.
1. Poland Constitution is the 1st in Europe and 2nd in the World
Date Ratified: May 3, 1791 Last Amended: October 21, 2009 Author(s): Historical – Ignacy Potocki, Hugo Kołłątaj, King Stanisław August Poniatowski, Stanisław Małachowski, Stanisław Staszic, and Scipione Piattoli; Modern – Komisja Konstytucyjna and Zgromadzenia Narodowego Government Type: Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
Although the Constitution of San Marino is technically older, Poland’s Constitution of 3 May 1791 is generally considered the world’s 2nd-oldest modern constitution and the oldest in Europe.
2. Marie Curie was NOT French, but Polish!
Her original name was Maria Salomea Sklodowska before she married a Frenchman named Pierre Curie. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different fields.
Born in Warsaw (7th November 1867), at the age of 16 she won a gold medal on the completion of her secondary education at the Russian lyceum. Due to the fact that at that time women could not join the University in Poland, she moved in 1891 to Paris. Married Pierre Curie in July 1895 and they started their partnership – discovering polonium (Maria calling it after her native homeland).
3. Holds the biggest castle in the world: Malbork Castle
UNESCO designated the “Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork” and the Malbork Castle Museum a World Heritage Site in December 1997. The Malbork Castle is the largest castle in the world measured by land area. Build some time in the 13th century, it was meant to be a fortress for the Teutonic Order. The purpose was to strengthen the Order’s control of the area, following the Order’s suppression of the Great Prussian Uprising of 1274 (of the Baltic tribes). The castle is now a museum and can be visited – it is also a stone’s throw away from the Tri-City (Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot).
4. Nicolaus Copernicus was Polish too!
Yes, you read that right! Like Marie Curie, Nicolaus Copernicus was Polish too! Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland since 1466. Born on the 19th of February 1473 in the city of Torun, he attended the University of Krakow (now Jagiellonian University).
Copernicus’ 4 years at Kraków played an important role in the development of his critical faculties and initiated his analysis of logical contradictions in the two “official” systems of astronomy—Aristotle’s theory of homocentric spheres, and Ptolemy‘s mechanism of eccentrics and epicycles—the surmounting and discarding of which would be the first step toward the creation of Copernicus’ own doctrine of the structure of the universe.
5. Poland has the second oldest University in Europe
The Jagiellonian University was founded by King Casimir III the Great in 1364. It means that it’s the second University in Europe as the first one was created in Prague sixteen years before. Founded in 1364 by the King of Poland Casimir III the Great, the Jagiellonian University is the oldest university in Poland, the oldest Slavic university, the second oldest university in Central Europe, and one of the oldest surviving universities in the world.
Notable alumni of the Jagiellonian University
Notable alumni include astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, poet Jan Kochanowski, Polish King John III Sobieski, constitutional reformer Hugo Kołłątaj, chemist Karol Olszewski, anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski, writer Stanisław Lem, and President of Poland Andrzej Duda. Students at the University who did not earn diplomas included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić and Wisława Szymborska. Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) enrolled in the Jagiellonian University of Krakow in 1938 to study Polish Studies at the JU Faculty of Philosophy, but shortly after enrollment, his studies were interrupted by Sonderaktion Krakau. In 1953, Father Wojtyła presented a dissertation at the Jagiellonian University of Krakow on the possibility of grounding a Christian ethic on the ethical system developed by Max Scheler.
6. Auschwitz – the largest Holocaust tool
#LestWeForget I will always remind myself and my readers of the horrors of the Second World War and the destruction that Nazi Germany brought. Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi death camps and it was comprised of actually 3 camps (closely connected to each other): Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II (Birkenau), and Auschwitz III. It was originally created to be a prison for Polish prisoners but then Auschwitz II was built in the vicinity and… well… it’s all history! Auschwitz II became the mass killing site for Jews, gypsies, and unwanted human beings.
Auschwitz II was created specifically to be part of the “Final Solution” – Nazi Germany’s plan to annihilate all European Jews. The older people, women that were weak, and the children were immediately taken from the cattle carts and killed in the immense gas chambers (multiple) built there. Men were used for hard labor until they dropped dead on the spot. Even with the gas chambers, they were evil… disguising them as shower houses so that the prisoners would not try and fight their way out of it.
More than 1.1 million people were killed in Auschwitz! Overall estimates state that around 6 million European Jews were killed during the Holocaust.
7. Warsaw was not the first Polish capital
Everyone knows that nowadays the capital of Poland is Warsaw, however… did you know that Gniezno was the first Polish capital? Gniezno is a town in central-western Poland which was among the earliest Polish settlements. Alongside places like Poznań and Ostrów Lednicki, it was one of the primary places of residence of Poland’s first historical ruler, Mieszko I, who lived in the 10th century (his birthdate is unknown, but he passed away in the year 992).
The second one was Krakow. Kraków was the capital of Poland from 1039 until 1079 + from the year 1138, the city once more enjoyed the status of the capital of Poland until the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Kraków became the capital of a monarchy that extended over natively Polish lands as well as vast Lithuanian-Ruthenian areas. The royal court played an important part in the shaping of cultural and artistic life. (…) The Wawel Castle became a pearl of Renaissance architecture; (…) it proudly served as the residence of the rulers of a modern and strong state. At the end of the 16th century, the capital was moved to Warsaw, Kraków lost its importance, retaining only its representative role as the city of royal coronations and funerals.
From ‘Historia Krakowa’ (Kraków’s History), www.krakow.pl, trans. MK
8. Pope John Paul the 2nd was also Polish 😉
Pope John Paul the 2nd was born Karol Józef Wojtyła – John Paul II was the second-longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the 16th-century Pope Adrian VI. To be fair, he lived a pretty amazing life!
Born in Wadowice, moved to Krakow, enrolled at the Jagiellonian University. He volunteered there as a librarian and did the compulsory military training in the Academic Legion – where he always refused to fire a weapon. He had a talent with languages – learning as many as 15! Karol worked as a messenger for a restaurant, manual labourer in the limestone quarry in Krakow. He also was the very first pope to visit a mosque AND the White House!
9. Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk is the “Father of Europe”
Casimir IV (in full Casimir IV Andrew Jagiellon; Polish: Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk ; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.
Of his 9 children, one became a cardinal, 4 became kings, one was canonized, and the 3 daughters were married off to become mothers of the heirs of the greatest dynasties in Western Europe (Sophie (6 May 1464 – 5 October 1512); married to Margrave Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach + Anna Jagiellon (12 March 1476 – 12 August 1503); married Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania; they had eight children, including Sophie of Pomerania, who became queen of Denmark + Barbara (15 July 1478 – 15 February 1534); married Duke Georg dem Bärtigen of the Saxony )
10. The last Polish monarch died in prison 🙁
Stanisław Poniatowski was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. A controversial figure in Poland’s history, he is criticized primarily for his failure to resolutely stand against and prevent the partitions, which led to the destruction of the Polish state. On the other hand, he is remembered as a great patron of the arts and sciences who laid the foundation for the Commission of National Education, the first institution of its kind in the world and sponsored many architectural landmarks. To be noted that during his rule the famous Polish Constitution of the 3rd of May was written!
He died in semi-captivity in 1798 in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Well… I do hope you enjoyed my facts about Poland 🙂 Do let me know how many you knew before and what surprised you the most from what was written here. And don’t forget: Sharing is Caring!
Today I just wanted to share with you a piece of history about Krakow.
Did You Know that on this very day, 764 years ago, on the 5th of June 1257, Krakow was established officially as a city and acquired the Magdeburg Laws? Did You Know that Krakow still holds the record for the longest time of serving as the capital city of Poland – it would perform the function 3 times in its history, loosely between 1040 and 1609.
However, Krakow was marked in history as an important town, and frequently visited trading center, as early as the 9th century! Archeologists date the oldest material evidence of human settlements excavated in the city to circa 200,000 BC. In the year 1038 Krakow became the capital of Poland.
Duke Bolesław V the Chaste proclaimed the establishment on the 5th of June 1257
The establishment of a new town under Magdeburg law, proclaimed on 5 June 1257 by Duke Bolesław V the Chaste (whose reign spanned 1243–1279), was a foundational event for Kraków/Cracow in the true sense of the word. Notwithstanding the primarily legal and planning-based character of the endeavor, the city’s foundation generated significant momentum for societal change. Within a relatively short space of time, Kraków, originally consisting of a ducal castle and a settlement at its foot, grew into a European metropolis, one of the contemporary continent‘s premier mercantile centers and the seat of a noteworthy political self-administration.
Krakow was not built in a day!
Like Rome, Kraków was not built in a day; preparations for the city’s establishment had begun many years before it became a reality. The plan for the city came into being at the court of Bolesław V’s father, Duke Leszek the White (d. 1227), and it continued under the auspices of Henry the Bearded (d. 1238) and of his son. These dukes, whose reign occurred in the turbulent period of the struggle for ducal ascendancy at Wawel Castle, perceived Kraków as possessing the capacity to secure their position throughout Poland. Isolated, yet unambiguous sources bear witness to the emergence between 1220 and 1241 of Kraków’s first, short-lived civic community, whose demise is associated with the political catastrophe that befell the Silesian Piast dynasty with the Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241.
Wawel Cathedral records from 1257
The annals kept by the Kraków chapter of what was known as the Wawel cathedral record that in 1257, ‘Cracoviensis civitas iuri Theutonico traditur et situs fori per advocatos et domorum et curiarum immutatur’ (The city of Kraków was placed under German law and the reeves altered the positions of squares, houses, and lordly residences). The chronicler, installed upon the Wawel Hill as the symbol representing the Kraków chapter’s seat, had clearly deemed these events worthy of recording for posterity. What he could not have known, and we know from our temporal vantage point of several centuries, is the extent of the changes, in terms of urban planning, demography, the economic and political sphere, and indeed of society, which were emerging in Kraków.
Today I thought I might do something special with you: take you on a ride of 30 Typical Things One Could Do In Krakow 🙂 if ever you are in the area. These things are something that I do quite often, things that a local (a Cracovian) would do, things that you should also try (at least once) in order to feel the vibe of the city. So without further ado… here is the list:
1. Enjoy the view of the Barbakan (The Barbican) – the fortified outpost is a great spot to take many lovely pictures or just rest on a bench in the Planty area (the green park/circle around the Old Town). #DidYouKnow it is one of only 3 such fortified outposts still surviving in Europe? And it is also the best-preserved one!
2. Start the Royal Tour on the Royal Road that links the Barbakan – Brama Florianska (St. Florian’s Gate) – Florianska Street – Main Square to Grodzka – Wawel Castle. If you live in Krakow you probably lost count of how many times you want by foot on these cobble-stoned roads.
3. Enjoy the little entrances and pieces if unique architecture on the Florianska street – don’t just look at the shops (they will stay there for the next time you will pass through), but raise your eyes to the first floor or even above and see all the beautiful bits and pieces from the facade. These buildings have survived centuries and have so much to tell!
Vie of Mariacki Kosciol from the Underground Museum in Krakow, Poland
4. Make sure you get in front of the Mariacki Kosciol (St.Mary’s Church) a few minutes before the hour strikes and you listen to the Hejnal – it does have it is own legend 😉 so make sure to read it! When the trumpet stops paying, wave to the man in the tower – if he waves back it brings good luck!
5. Go inside the Mariacki Kosciol and listen to the ceremony. You might not understand it, but if you sit quietly and you pray, you might want to look up to the sky (that is… the ceiling). The ceiling is all blue, like the sky at dawn, and there are hundreds of sparkling stars on it. It was painted by the great Polish Painter: Jan Matejko.
Krakow’s Main Market Square and its pigeons
6. Do not feed the pigeons! Only the foreigners, the visitors do that, and it is something that is very much frowned upon nowadays. They are called “Flying rats” as they love to spread the diseases…
The view from Cafe Szal (Sukiennice) – Krakow, Poland
7. Get on the 1st floor of the Sukiennice (The Cloth Hall) – the entrance on the Mariacki Church side, close to the middle. Take the stairs/lift up to the 1st floor and enjoy a szarlotka (that is Polish for apple pie) at Cafe Szal. The view is AMAZING!
8. If you are at the Main Square at lunch, you need to drop by the Pod Sukiennice and have a traditional meal. Sundays the specialty of the house is rosol (that’s is Polish for chicken soup/broth with noodles).
They also have a mean Creme Brulee in Charlotte 😉 – Plac Szczepanski, Krakow, Poland
9. If you are around the Main square at breakfast time you can queue for something really nice at Charlotte, on Plac Szczepanski. The place does not take reservations and it is always full so you will have to stand in line… but they do have homemade goodies!
10. You should take a small detour to the Jagiellonian University quarters and listen to Gaudeamus Igitur and typical Polish song played by the clock inside the Collegium Maius courtyard. It plays at 11, 13, 15 o’clock each day. Not many know about it, it is a hidden gem. It is not like the Prague astronomy clock but still, it is worth your time 🙂
Hot chocolate at Nowa Prowincja – Krakow, Poland
11. If the weather outside is gloomy, raining, or freezing cold… I always like to head over to Nowa Prowincja. It has the best hot chocolate in town! They come with whipped cream and sour cherry alcohol inside!
12. Many locals also prefer the Pijalnia Czekolady Wedel when they wish for chocolate or they have a sweet tooth. You can order chocolate to go, or you can have it on the spot at the Main Market Square or in Galeria Krakowska.
13. As we are still on the topic of food, I believe it is worth mentioning one of the best homemade food places in Krakow: Babcia Malina (that is Polish for Grandmother Raspberry). There are 2 places: one on Slawkowska and one just in front of the Juliusz Slowacki Theater. You can always order take-away (we do that often…). They have the best deep-fried meat pierogi & the best zurek in town!
St. Peter and Paul’s Church, Grodzka – Krakow, Poland
14. Have a look at the only baroque church in Krakow: St. Peter and Paul’s Church (Sw. Piotr i Pawla) on Grodzka. The front always remained me of the Vatican DO let me know if you get the same vibe from it 🙂
15. Go visit the “Kings of Old” – The Wawel Cathedral holds the tombs of all the Kings and Queens of Poland. It is worth your while, just for the history lesson alone.
16. Go see the biggest bell in Krakow (probably of all Poland!): Sigismund Bell. It rings only on special occasions. The Bell used to ring when a King would die or when a new one would be coronated; it also did for the death of Pope John Paul the 2nd. It is said that if a young maiden touches it, then luck will come upon them and they shall be married within the year! The bell takes at least 4 grown men to start moving it…
A view of the Wawel Cathedral – Krakow, Poland
17. If it is summertime, take a stride in the inner garden and courtyard of the Wawel Castle. In springtime, when the magnolia blossoms, it is indeed a sight for sore eyes!
18. If you are a yoga/pilates enthusiast, you might like to know that one of the 7 chakra points in the world is located inside Wawel’s Castle inner courtyard. There are many people who come visit, lean against the wall, touch it, stroke it, and “get inspired”!
19. I don’t know about you, but I absolutely love museums. Every Sunday the Krakow National Museum branches are open for free. Mondays they are usually all closed down, resuming the activity fresh Tuesday morning. Visiting museums for free, on Sunday’s, is a very local thing 😉
The mummies at the Czartoryski Museum – Krakow, Poland
20. If you are in love with paintings, you should know that “The Lady With The Ermine” by Leonardo Da Vinci (his second most famous painting after the “Mona Lisa”) can be found at the National Museum in Krakow. And you can see it way more up-close-and-personal than the Smiling Mona. It is not crowded and miles away!
21. In love with history and especially ancient history? Then you should definitely drop by and check out the mummies (including one of a cat!) & read parts of The Book of Dead at the Czartoryski Museum.
22. A stroll along the Vistula River is always a very pleasurable thing to do. You can admire the sunset over the water and feed the swans or the seagulls.
23. Visit the KładkaOjca Bernatka – the “pedestrian bridge only” in Krakow. It also is named Love Locks Bridge as people tend to put locks and throw away the key (in the name of love). At nighttime it is very colourful and the artistic sculptures/installations make it even more attractive.
Vistula River & Kładka Ojca Bernatka- Krakow, Poland
24. Do go and pay your respects at the Plac Bohaterow Ghetta (The Square of The Heroes of the Ghetto). #DidYouKnow that each chair there signifies 1000 of people that were killed in the labor camps of Auschwitz and Plaszow? Do not sit on them – it is disrespectful!
25. If you enjoy StreetArt, Krakow has some amazing pieces to offer for the eye – most of them are in Old Town, Kazimierz, and Podgorze. Take the stroll along the Vistula River, as I have mentioned, and you will for sure see the floating pink pig on the waters… funny thing 😉
Kazimierz Mural – Krakow, Poland
26. A very local thing to do, when going out to part in Kazimierz, is to drop by and eat sausage from the communist blue van. Located in front of Hala Targowa, the van can be found during the weekends – it is hard to miss out on it, just follow the people queueing in! They may not be the best ones, but they are a 40+-year-old tradition. The place has been there since the 80s!
27. Partying in Kazimierz is a must, and the fast-food of choice is always the same: zapiekanka at Plac Nowy. That is kinda like a pizza… a baguette sliced in half – the long way – and with a lot of toppings. People say that Endzior makes the best, but I have found that others in Plac Nowy make great ones too. Also… when you are hammered… they all taste the same!
28. There are 4 mounds in Krakow – Polish people name them Kopiec.My favourites are Kopiec Koszciuski and Krakusa – pick one that you would like and make sure you get there before sunset. Sunset on Kopiec gets you a large view of the city and peaceful surroundings where you can enjoy the sun setting down – great photo opportunities also!
29. Enjoy one of the smaller movie theatres and forget those Multiplex, Multikino, Cinema City huge spaces. Go local and enjoy a more intimate space, smaller and different from the rest you can choose from Kino Ars, Kino Pod Baranami, Kino Agrafka, Kino Kijow… They show European selection of movies as well 😉 in Kino Pod Baranami I was even able to see Romanian movies with Polish subs!
Mushrooms hand-picked locally – Nowy Kleparz Market – Krakow, Poland
30. Shop locally – at least while in Poland, make sure you try out the local markets. Don’t go buying things from big chains (Carrefour, Auchan) but support the local economy by purchasing products from the local farmers. Make sure you have change though, as you cannot pay by card there. In Krakow, I recommend 2 markets very close to the Old Town: Stary Kleparz and Nowy Kleparz. In Kazmierz you can try Plac Nowy or Hala Targowa.
On the day Karol Kot celebrated his high school diploma, militia knocked on his apartment. All of Kraków could breathe a sigh of relief. The two-year-old nightmare has ended.
As Wikipedia points out, a serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more people, usually in service of abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them. While most authorities set a threshold of three murders, others extend it to four or lessen it to two.
Although psychological gratification is the usual motive for serial killing, and most serial killings involve sexual contact with the victim, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) states that the motives of serial killers can include anger, thrill-seeking, financial gain, and attention-seeking. The murders may be attempted or completed in a similar fashion. The victims may have something in common, for example, demographic profile, appearance, gender, or race. A serial killer is neither a mass murderer nor a spree killer, although there may be conceptual overlaps between serial killers and spree killers.
A Youtube video of the history of Karol Kot and his murders – by Discovery Channel – (in Polish language) – Poland
Who was Karol Kot?
Karol Kot (18 December 1946 – 16 May 1968) was a Polish serial killer who terrorized the city of Kraków. Kraków was the city he was born and raised in, until his capture in June 1966. Due to trial evidence and to the seemingly random choices of victims, which included children and elderly people, Kot was nicknamed the “Vampire of Kraków”. After the trial, in which Kot pleaded guilty to all the crimes he was charged, he was sentenced to death on 14 July 1967. After an appeal, the death penalty was reinstated and carried out on 16 May 1968 when Kot was 21 years old.
Karol’s background
Karol Kot, popularly known as “Lolo”, attended the Technical High School in Krakow at Loretańska Street. He came from an intellectual family, his father was an engineer, his mother was a housewife and a social activist. Karol was a member of the National Defense League, the Socialist Youth Union and the Citizens’ Militia Volunteer Reserve.
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków”
There were signs…
When Karol Kot was caught, through further investigation, it turned out that as a high school graduate he was enjoying the abuse of animals. In his cruel aspirations he killed birds, moles or calves. During one of the holidays, he assisted with slaughter at the slaughterhouse. As he mentioned, he loved to drink warm blood.
My parents went on vacation to Pcimia (it’s a hole near Myślenice). It was boring, so I went to the slaughterhouse there and assisted in killing calves. I liked this view and finally tasted warm blood.
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków”
In an interview given later, he said directly that he was killing for pleasure and that if he could, he would kill all the women in the world. He also betrayed his unfulfilled fantasies of orgy, which he wanted to have with his classmates, which were to be tortured. Here is what he told about his interests:
One of my dreams came true, I wanted and I was an executioner of people, although I was thinking about a bigger slaughter, a real big crematorium. If there was a war, I would like to be the head of a concentration camp, cut off the breasts of women and put them under the helmets of soldiers, so that they do not oppress their heads. I dreamed of mass murders in gas chambers, round-ups, quartering people. I wanted to kill all the women, except maybe two – my sister and cousin. Unfortunately, I didn’t make it. I don’t know who lost it.
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków”
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków” – Mug shot
Kraków of the mid-1960s was filled with horror, paralyzed by fear
In the mid-1960s, the inhabitants of Kraków were paralyzed with fear. In particular, older people of Kraków began to be afraid of leaving their homes, fearing a killer attack. Terrified residents began to speculate who might be responsible for the terrible crimes. The beginning of the long chain of fear lasting two years was the event of September 1964, when a stabbed woman was brought to the Kraków hospital.
“Do you know that the easiest way to the heart is through the back?”
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków” – final interview
Quote (Polish Language) from Karol Kot – Poland
The First Victim
September 21st, 1964 – as he later said, something urged him to kill. Karol took two knives with him and went to the city. He concluded that it would be easiest for him to kill some lonely woman praying in church. First he went to the Capuchin church, but he did not find a faithful fit for a potential sacrifice. Then he went to the church of the Monastery of Sercanki at Garncarska St. He waited a long moment before the opportunity arose. 48-year-old Helena W. came to the church, and when she knelt down, “Lolo” pulled out a knife and pushed her in the back. Drunk, he escaped and licked blood at one of the nearby gates. He did not know that the blow he inflicted was not serious and the victim survived.
The murder of a 11 year old boy – Leszek – at Kosciuszko Mound, by Karol Kot
Karol Kot confessed to all his crimes and many more…
In the summer of 1966, the Civic Militia knocked on the door of Kot’s state and he was caught (much to Kot’s surprise, who did not know he has under surveillance for several weeks).
During the interrogations, Kot confessed not only to the two murders and four attempted murders but also to poison and arson attempts. It turned out that he tried to deprive people of life not only with a knife but also by adding sodium arsenate to various liquids. For example, in a bar “Przy Błoniach” he poured the poison into a bottle of vinegar, but he deeply regretted that no one had poisoned himself. He also tried to leave poisoned orangeade and beer in different places.
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków” – in front of the Court
The Death Sentence
Experts for a long time could not judge whether Karol Kot is mentally ill or not. Some of them were of the opinion that he was a psychopath and should be directed to involuntary isolation treatment. He underwent a battery of psychological tests. The prosecutors amassed 8,000 pages of evidence in 18 volumes.
The prosecutor, however, did not accede to these opinions and in the indictment, he presented “Lola” as a healthy person, and only to the bone marrow immoral. Despite the defenders’ position, the accused also tried to present himself as a read and aware person of his actions.
The court did not believe the defenders and sentenced Karol Kot to death. As a result of his appeal, the second instance court turned him into life imprisonment, but as a result of the prosecutor’s intervention, he was again sentenced to death. The sentence, by hanging, was carried out on May 16, 1968.
“Soon, where I’m going, I’ll meet with my victims, and we can speak. Here on Earth, I have no one to talk to.”
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków” – final interview
Karol Kot – “Vampire of Kraków” – front cover for Nasza Historia (Our History) Magazine
The… Aftermath?
The autopsy of the corpse, after Karol Kot’s execution, revealed a massive tumor in his brain. It is nowadays widely known and accepted that brain tumors can completely change one’s personality – their thoughts and desires. It may have been bad luck and lack of diagnosis, making his brain tumor grow, and pushing him into doing these unthinkable things… or it might have been just his nature to kill – we will never know…
P.S. You can find more about Macabre Krakow and Karol Kot’s story also by joining in the Macabre Krakow: Free Walking Tour – I sincerely and wholeheartedly recommend it! 🙂
Yours truly,
The Twisted Red LadyBug, Bringing You Scary Stories About Krakow
Floriańska Street has always been one of the most important streets of Krakow. Marked out during the Great Location of the city in the second half of the 13th century, it was an important fragment of the representative route, the Royal Road (or how I like to call it: The Pathway of Kings), leading from the church of St. Floriana (hence the name of the street) in Wawel. As one of the first in the city, the street gained solid pavements. At the end of the 15th century, most of the houses at Florianska Street were already bricked.
Wikipedia: “Floriańska appears on the 1257 plan of the extended city. It marks the beginning of the Royal Road in Kraków and stretches from the north-western end of the main square, Rynek Główny, to the landmark St. Florian’s Gate, a distance of 335 meters (1,099 ft). There are currently 51 numbered buildings on the street (up to no 44 even and no 57 odd). It is named after Saint Florian. In 1882, the first horse tram line started. In 1901 it was transformed into the electricity line (now defunct).”
Small statues adorn the faces of the buildings on the Florianska Street, in Krakow – Poland
Saint Florian – Patron Saint of Krakow
#DidYouKnow that St. Florian, usually portrayed as a Roman legion officer carrying water, has been revered in Poland as the patron saint of firefighters and chimneysweeps. He is also the Patron Saint of Krakow and you can see him on the tower over the Brama Florianska (Florianska Gate) or on St. Anne’s Church in the Old Town.
Colourful, attractive shops and restaurants – Florianska Street, Krakow, Poland
Floriańska Street – Some History
Although most of the houses were rebuilt (especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries), many details of their old, often medieval origin have been preserved. Particularly noteworthy here are houses: No. 3 with an interesting Renaissance portal, No. 5 and No. 8 with late-Gothic portals, No. 7 with an early Renaissance figure of the Virgin Mary and portals in the same style (you can see that in the pictures above), No. 9 and No. 26 with Renaissance portals, and No. 17 with a fragment of a chain on the facade that once closed the street at night.
The Restaurant and Hotel “Pod Roza” (Under the Rose) can also be found on Florianska Street, Krakow – Poland
Floriańska Street – “Pod Różą”
House No. 14 houses the oldest hotel in the city, founded around 1800, “Pod Różą”, initially called “de Russie”, or Ruski, to commemorate the visit of Grand Duke Konstanty and Tsar Alexander I. During his stay in Krakow, Francis also lived here Liszt. However, the information on the commemorative plaque claiming that Honoriusz Balzac lived here is untrue. The great French writer really stayed in one of the cheaper inns in Stradom. The building housing the hotel dates from the 14th century, but it underwent numerous reconstructions. The facade is decorated with a rare beauty late-Renaissance portal with a beautiful Latin inscription that wishes the house to stand until the ant drinks seawater and the turtle does not go around the world.
Florianska street – both way view from the middle: towards the St. Mary’s Church and towards the Brama Florianska (St. Florian’s Gate) – Krakow, Poland
Floriańska Street – #DidYouKnow
In 2007, the Polish magazine Wprost ranked Floriańska Street as the 3rd most prestigious street in Poland, and the most prestigious in Kraków, following Warsaw’s Nowy Świat (New World Street) and Krakowskie Przedmieście Street.
In 2011 and 2013, rents at Floriańska Street was the second-highest in Poland, 2nd only to that for Nowy Świat Street.
Yours sincerly,
The Twisted Red LadyBug That Loves To Share Krakow’s History 🙂
The Krakow Bugle Call (Hejnal) – July 2020 – Poland
The Bugle Call
On top of St. Mary’s Church (PL: Mariacki Kosciol), in the highest of the 2 frontal towers, a trumpet call can be heard everyday, around the clock, at the hour-sharp. No matter the weather, time of day, the song is heard – the traditional tune is known by all Poles (children or grown-ups alike).
Every hour sharp
Based on 5 notes in the F-major scale, The Bugle Call from St.Mary’s is a song everyone knows and stops to listen (and wave at the person playing… supposedly that brings good luck if he waves back!). Its history is deeply embedded in the hearts of the people of Krakow especially. Even the historian Norman Davies described it in its “Europe: A History” book (1996): “The hejnał Mariacki or ‘trumpet-call of St Mary’s’ is one of the many curiosities of old Cracow. It is sounded from the top of the tower of the ancient church which overlooks the city square. It is sounded on the hour, every hour of the day and night, winter and summer; and each time it is repeated four times: to north, south, east and west.“
The Mariacki Church – view from Florianska street – Krakow, Poland
The Legend – The Bugle Call & The Tatar Arrow
Originally, back in the Middle Ages, the bugle call was played at dawn and dusk to tell the gatekeepers of the city to open/shut the city gates(eg. the direction the bugle plays can be heard along the Florianska street, up to Brama Florianska and the Barbakan – where the main entrance to the city was located). It was also used as a warning signal when there was a fire in the city or when enemy forces were approaching. The tower offered a 360 degree view of the city and they could quickly notify the inhabitants of the danger approaching – being played in the 4 cardinal directions.
The first mention of the bugle call being heard hourly, around the clock, comes from the mid 15th century. The story of the broken song comes from the Tatar invasion of Poland in 1241. Standing on guard, the bugle player warned the inhabitants of Krakow about the approaching enemy troops and he sounded the alarm. Unfortunately, tragedy hit, when an arrow of the Tatar enemy reached his throat and killed the guard and ended the melody mid-way. To commemorate his bravery and the fact that he saved the city, the song was played every hour, but it would stop just when he stopped that fatidic day…
The Hejnal – Twisted Red LadyBug
The Legacy
The earliest mention of it can be found in the city of Kraków’s expense records. In 1392, the city was paying a trumpeter in St Mary’s Church Tower the sum of 1/2 a grosz weekly.
The first trumpeter in the tower known by name was Iwan Mikulski, who appears in the city records for the year 1629. Another trumpet player that one should take notice of is Antoni Dołęga, who on the 3rd of July 1901 – 9 PM, played the melody 3 out of the 4 times before dying (heart condition). By the way, back then they could not come inside by way of the inner stairs (there were none!) but they had to come from outside, through very tall ladders…
The Mariacki Church and the Bugle Tower – view from Adam Mickiewicz Stature, Main Market Square Krakow, Poland – July 2020
How to be a Bugle Boy/Girl?
Today, there are 272 steps that lead you to the top where the Bugle Call is played and you can actually get to visit and see the person on guard play live! It is said that the regular trumpeters that stay on shift regularly take only 3 minutes to climb them! Nowadays, also the trumpeter not only has to be a good musician, but they also have to be a fireman as well – they are subjected to physical and psychological tests. If you, as a civilian, would like to do that, one would have to take a 177 days long training course at the Fireman School.
But note down that a trumpeter actually works 24 hours straight! (after which he has a 2 day break). The trumpeter plays the call on the hour from 8 until 7 the next day!
DID YOU KNOW – The Hejnal…
The Grammy-winning American smooth jazz trumpeter Chris Botti performed the ancient tune in 2015, while on tour in Poland
The first woman to play the Bugle Call was Anna Kula, a student at the Academy of Music in Kraków, when she played on New Year’s Eve in 1993
During the Second World War, a bugler from the 2nd Polish Corps played the tune to announce the Polish victory in the Battle of Monte Cassino on 18 May 1944
The longest-serving trumpeter was Adolf Śmietana, who played the Hejnał for 36 years beginning in 1926. The Kołton family has played the Hejnał for three consecutive generations. In October 2004, Jan Kołton retired after 33 years of service at the tower. His father had been a Hejnał bugler for 35 years previously, while his son is one of the four current buglers.
Yours sincerely, The Twisted Red LadyBug that loves Kraków and it’s legends and stories
If you ever been to Krakow Main Market Square than for sure you have seen the committee of pigeons tapping about the place, searching for food from the willing tourists and locals. Pigeons in Krakow arouse 2 contrasting emotions in people: they either love them, take photos of them and feed them OR they release great negative emotions and people just want to see them disappear.
I believe it is especially hard for people living in the areas where they flock often, like the Main Market Square (Rynek) in Krakow. For the people that are also balcony owners, they are a nuisance and they certainly do not arouse any sympathy when they poop around the place… Of course, the people and the City of Krakow have tried to limit the damage by placing in spikes but they have grown accustomed to that as well!
Krakow Florist on the Main Market Square, Krakow, Poland – Photo from the 1960s – Source: NAC (National Digital Archives)
Krakow Pigeons = Local Attraction
You can see them popping their head from the postcards and you can see and hear them on any video taken in the Main Square. They are inevitable! They can even be considered an attraction for the kids – as they always love feeding them and running around them, trying to catch them. I know my Little LadyBug Baby Girl loves chasing them about!
For a certain amount of time, during communist times even, food for them could be bought right next to the florists that were on the Rynek. Now the feeding of the pigeons is discouraged but there are some men that wander around, selling small dosages for the kids to buy and feed the birds.
Pigeons In Krakow, Poland – Picture taken by yours truly, but I do not recall the date
The Legend of Krakow Pigeons
You might not know, but the Krakow Legend says that these pigeons are actually knights! The legend was told by prof. Michał Rożek in the recommendable “Silva Rerum“. At the end of the 13th century, Prince Henry IV of the Right (Henryk IV Prawy) sought to unite Polish lands, which were then divided into districts. To do this he needed to be crowned. Coronation, in turn, required payment of the emperor or pope, and these were not cheap things. The prince had no money, so he borrowed it from the witch from Zwierzyniec. This decided on a rather unusual pledge.
Henryk’s courtiers and knights, whom she changed into pigeons, became security for his pledge. She promised that she would restore them to their former form when the king would return from Rome and repay the debt. However, during the expedition, he went and drank everything he borrowed. Henryk returned to Kraków, but he did not pay the debt. The courtiers and knights remained pigeons. And they are with us to this day, poor things…
Main Market Square, Krakow, Poland – July 2020
How about you? Have you ever been to Krakow and fed the knights? 🙂
Yours truly,
The Twisted Red LadyBug That Loves Krakow Legends
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